National Geographic reported on a study showing that Ravens actually can hold grudges. They found
a raven could judge a deal that was “fair” or “unfair.”
“If one individual supports another, there’s a correlation between support given and received on a long-term basis,” said Massen. In other words, ravens build up social capital that is reciprocated over time. Favors in the form of preening or aid during a fight are selectively given to ravens in good standing with one another.
Read full article at Ravens Hold Grudges Against Cheaters
Natural History Wanderings 
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